DISCUSSION TOPIC: OF CRUSADES AND JIHADS

GENERAL

• S. Sayyid, "Crusades And Jihads In Postcolonial Times," BBC History.

• Tomo Hattori, "The Clash Of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads And Modernity," Melus, 31 (Winter 2006): 242-44.

• Bernard Lewis, "Jihad vs. Crusade: Learning The Lingo," Wall Street Journal, September 27, 2001.

CRUSADES AND HISTORICAL MEMORY

• Eve Krakowski, "Sanctifying The Name Of God: Jewish Martyrs And Jewish Memories Of The First Crusade," Journal Of Religion, 87 (January 2007): 140-141.

•   "The Crusades: A History Of Conflict," BBC News, April 24, 2006.

•   "West Is On A Crusade -- Bin Laden," BBC News, April 23, 2006.

• Jonathan Marcus, "A Small Matter Of Crusader History," BBC History, May 13, 2005.

•   "Arab Critics Back Crusader Movie," BBC News, May 10, 2005.

•   "Crusades Film 'Will Help Muslims,'" BBC News, April 8, 2005.

• Timothy M. Renick, "Crusader Zeal," Christian Century, 122 (January 25, 2005): 26-29.

• James Carroll, "The Bush Crusade," Nation, 279 (September 20, 2004): 14-22.

•   "Pope Sorrow Over Constantinople," BBC News, June 29, 2004.

• "Bin Laden Blasts Iraq Crusade," BBC News, December 20, 2003.

•   "Talking Point: Should We Mark St. George's Day," BBC News, April 24, 2002.

•   Simon Pipe, "St. George Comes Under Fire," BBC News, April 21, 2002.

• Pamela Berger, "Crusade And Jihad: The Wars Known As Holy," Religion And The Arts, 5 (December 2001): 484-494.

• "Crusade v. Jihad," Telegraph, November 15, 2001.

•   "Bin Laden Rails Against Crusaders And UN," BBC News, November 3, 2001.

•   Barnaby Mason, "Bush Seeks Muslim Support," BBC News, September 17, 2001.

• Emily McCaffrey, "Memory And Collective Identity In Occitanie," History And Memory, 13 (Spring/ Summer 2001).

•   Peter Gould, "Pope Reaches Out To Islam," BBC News, March 29, 2001.

• "The Crusades," The Long View, BBC Radio 4, October 22, 2002.

• "The First Crusade," What If?, BBC Radio 4, April 4, 2002.

• Allan Little, "Russia And Serbia: An Instinct For Melancholy," BBC News, June 24, 1998.

• Crusades: A detailed historical overview for an on-line course from E.L. Skip Knox at Boise State University.

JIHAD AND HISTORICAL MEMORY

• "Jihad," BBC Religion:

• "Islam And War," BBC Religion:

• Jihad The Musical:

• Vanessa Thorpe, "Terror Comes To Edinburgh With A High-Kicking Chorus," Observer, July 29, 2007.

•   "'Bin Laden' Tape Urges 'Jihad,'" BBC News, February 16, 2003.

•   Roger Hardy, "Pakistan's 'Culture Of Jihad,'" BBC News, August 5, 2002.

•   Fiona Symon, "Analysis: The Roots Of Jihad," BBC News, October 16, 2001.

•   "Hina Khan," Woman's Hour, BBC Radio 4, September 23, 2004.

THE IRAQ WAR AND SHIITE MEMORY

•   "Dozens Killed Near Iraqi Shrine," BBC News, March 17, 2008.

•   "In Pictures: Shia Pilgrims," BBC News, February 27, 2008.

•   "Iraqi Shia Pilgrims Mark Holy Day," BBC News, January 19, 2008.

•   "In Pictures: Ashura Ceremonies," BBC News, January 19, 2008.

•   "Many Killed At Iraq Shia Festival," BBC News, August 28, 2007.

•   "Bomb Kills Many In Iraq Holy City," BBC News, April 28, 2007.

•   "Suicide Attack On Iraqi Holy City," BBC News, April 14, 2007.

•  "In Pictures: Pilgrims In Karbala," BBC News, March 9, 2007.

•   "Scores Of Iraqi Pilgrims Killed," BBC News, March 6, 2007.

• "In Pictures: Ashura Festival," BBC News, January 30, 2007.

•   "Attacks As Iraqi Shia Mark Ashura," BBC News, January 30, 2007.

•   "Viewpoint: Ashura, Festival Of Devotion," BBC News, January 29, 2007.

• "'Hundreds' Killed In Iraq Battles," BBC News, January 29, 2007.

• "In Pictures: Karbala Festival," BBC News, September 9, 2006.

• "Violence Averted At Iraq Festival," BBC News, September 9, 2006.

• David Gritten, "Long Path To Iraq's Sectarian Split," BBC News, February 25, 2006.

• "Iraq Shrine Blast Sparks Protests," BBC News, February 22, 2006.

• "In Pictures: Ashura Festival," BBC News, February 9, 2006.

•   Jim Muir, "Iraqi Muslims Are Split Over Eid," BBC News, November 3, 2005.

•   Jon Leyne, "Analysis: Shia-Sunni Bitter Divide," BBC News, February 18, 2005.

•   "What Is Ashura?," BBC News, February 17, 2005.

• "Who Are The Iraqi Shia," BBC News, February 17, 2005.

•   Patrick Jackson, "Najaf's Hallowed Cemetery," BBC News, August 12, 2004.

•   "Iraqi Shia Holy Shrine 'Damaged,'" BBC News, May 25, 2004.

•    "Cleric Warns On Iraq Holy Cities," BBC News, May 18, 2004.

•   "U.S. Battles Fighters In Iraqi City," BBC News, May 16, 2004.

•   "Iran Leader Condemns U.S. 'Stupidity,'" BBC News, May 16, 2004.

•   "Karbala -- City Of Martyrs," Channel 4, April 12, 2004.

•   Dan Collyns, "UK Muslims March For Shias' Holiest Day," BBC News, April 12, 2004.

•   "Iraqi Shia Festival Nears Climax," BBC News, March 2, 2004.

•   "Iraqi Shias Massacred On Holy Day," BBC News, March 2, 2004.

• "Shias Stage Anti-U.S. Protest," BBC News, April 23, 2003.

• "In Pictures: Iraq's Shia Rebirth," BBC News, April 22, 2003.

•   "Religious Fervour Grips Iraq's Shia Pilgrims," BBC News, April 22, 2003.

• "First Iranian Pilgrims Visit Iraq," BBC News, August 15, 1998.

• Karbala, Iraq -- Holy City Of Shi'a Islam: A very brief introduction from Religion Facts.

• Shia Shrines Of Karbala -- Sacred Destinations:

•   Imam Husayn Shrine -- Wikipedia:

• Battle of Karbala -- Wikipedia:

• Husayn (626-680) -- Wikipedia:

• Najaf -- Sacred Destinations:

• Najf, Iraq -- Holy City Of Shi'a Islam:  A brief outline from Religion Facts.

• Ali -- Wikipedia:

• Samarra -- Wikipedia:

• Al-Askari Mosque -- Wikipedia:

• 13 June 2007 Al-Askari Mosque Bombing -- Wikipedia:

•   22 February 2006 Al-Askari Mosque Bombing -- Wikipedia:

•   Ashura -- Religion Facts:

•   Mourning Of Muharram -- Wikipedia:

MISCELLANEOUS

• Bradley Pace, "Between Pacifism And Jihad: Just War And Christian Tradition/ The Horrors We Bless: Rethinking The Just-War Legacy," Anglican Theological Review, 89 (Fall 2007): 663-665.

•   "Infinite Justice, Out -- Enduring Freedom, In," BBC News, September 25, 2001.