Evans, Helen C. and Wixom, William D., eds.  Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, AD 843-1261.  New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.

  Brownworth, Lars.  Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization.  New York: Crown, 2009.

  Gregory, Timothy.  History of Byzantium.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.

  Haldon, John.  Byzantium: A History.  Tempus, 2005.

  _____, ed.  Social History of Byzantium.  Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.

  Herrin, Judith.  Byzantium: The Surprising Life Of A Medieval Europe.  Princeton: Princeton, 2008.

  Lawler, Jennifer.  Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire.  McFarland, 2004.

  Maas, Michael, ed.  Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian.  Cambridge: Cambridge, 2005.

  Mango, C.  Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome.  Orion, 2005.

  _____.  Oxford History of Byzantium.  New York: Oxford, 2002.

  Mathews, Thomas.  Byzantium From Antiquity To the Present.  Prentice Hall, 1998.

  Norwich, John Julius.  Byzantium: The Early Centuries.  London: Penguin UK, 1991.

  _____.  Short History of Byzantium: Based on the Great Three-Volume Work.  New York: Random House, 1998.

  Rosen, William.  Justinian's Flea.  New York: Viking, 2007.

  Treadgold, Warren.  Concise History of Byzantium.  New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

  Wells, Colin.  Sailing From Byzantium: How A Lost Empire Shaped the World.  Delacorte, 2006.