Some Questions
What was the Arab Spring?
What were the causes of the Arab Spring and what were its legacies?
What is the story and aftermath of the Arab Spring in the individual nations most effected by protest: a) Tunisia; b) Egypt; c) Yemen; d) Libya; e) Syria; f) Bahrain?
Why do you think the results of the Arab Spring were so different in those Arab nations with monarchies?
How would you compare and contrast the protest movements of the Arab Spring of 2010-2011 with those that swept across Eastern Europe in 1989?
Noha Aboueldahab (Brookings Doha Center Fellow): "The Arab Spring is in many ways not over. It's just started." Comment.
Some Terms
Mohamed Bouazazi (December 17, 2010)
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (23 years)
Kais Saied (2019)
Hosni Mubarak (30 years)
Tahrir Square
Mohamed Morsi (2012)
Muslim Brotherhood/Freedom and Justice Party
General Abdel Fattah El-Sisi (2013)
Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF)
Muammar Gaddafi (42 years)
NATO
Ali Abdullah Saleh (33 years)
Change Square
Houthis (2014)
Sanaa
Bashar Al-Assad (2000)
Pearl Roundabout
Sheikh Hamad
Monarchies and Republics
Sunnis and Shiites
Dan's All-Stars
"What
Happened After The Arab Spring?,"
Start Here, Al Jazeera, December 17, 2020. (7 mins)
"Photos:
Arab Uprisings Began With Quest For Freedom And Led To Repression, Wars,"
PRI The World, December 16, 2020.
Martin Chulov, "10
Years On, The Arab Spring's Explosive Rage And Dashed Dreams,"
Guardian, December 14, 2020.
Jeremy Bowen, "Arab
Spring: How The Uprisings Still Echo, 10 Years On,"
BBC News, February 12, 2021.
Declan Walsh, "A
Decade On, Silence Fills Egypt's Field Of Broken Dreams,"
New York Times, January 23, 2021.
"Remembering
The Arab Spring: Tunisia,"
Al Jazeera, January 14, 2021. (5 mins)
"Remembering
The Arab Spring: Egypt,"
Al Jazeera, January 25, 2021. (7 mins)
"Remembering
Arab Spring: Libya,"
Al Jazeera, Facebook, February 18, 2021. (6 mins)
"Remembering
The Arab Spring: Yemen,"
Al Jazeera, February 3, 2021. (7 mins)
"Remembering
The Arab Spring: Syria,"
Al Jazeera, Facebook, March 16, 2021.
"Remembering
The Arab Spring: Bahrain,"
Al Jazeera English, Facebook, March 22, 2021. (5 mins)
"A
Symphony Of Resistance,"
Throughline, NPR, May 20, 2021. (58 mins)
General Sources: News In Context
Andrew Hammond, "Generation
Tahrir: The Catharsis Of Narrating A Broken Dream,"
Middle East Eye, August 9, 2021.
Safwan Masri, "The
Arab Spring Has Been Misunderstood,"
Al Jazeera, April 18, 2021.
Yasmina Abouzzohour, "Heavy
Lies The Crown: The Survival Of Arab Monarchies, 10 Years After The Arab
Spring," Brookings
Institution, March 8, 2021.
Ben Hubbard and David D. Kirkpatrick, "A
Decade After The Arab Spring, Autocrats Still Rule The Mideast,"
New York Times, February 14, 2021.
Simon Mabon, "Arab
Spring: After A Decade Of Conflict, The Same Old Problems Remain,"
Conversation, February 10, 2021.
"The
Guardian View On The Arab Spring, A Decade On: A Haunting Legacy,"
Guardian, January 29, 2021.
Georges Fahmi, "The Arab Spring 10 Years On," Chatham House, January 26, 2021.
Michael Safi et al., "How
The Arab Spring Engulfed The Middle East -- And Changed The World,"
Guardian, January 25, 2021.
Ahmed Gatnash, "Analysis:
'The Heartbroken March On': The Uprisings Are Not Over,"
Al Jazeera, January 25, 2021.
Esam Boraey, "From
Egypt To The U.S.: Lessons For Activists From The Arab Spring,"
Al Jazeera, January 24, 2021.
"Timeline:
How The Arab Spring Unfolded,"
Al Jazeera, January 14, 2021.
Michael Safi, "Life
Has Got Worse Since Arab Spring, Say People Across Middle East,"
Guardian, December 17, 2020.
Khalil Al-Anani, "Warning
To All Tyrants: The Arab Spring Lives On,"
Middle East Eye, December 17, 2020.
Abubakr Al-Shamahi, "How
Economic Hardship Fuelled The Arab Spring 10 Years Ago,"
Al Jazeera, December 17, 2020.
Oliver Holmes, "Arab
Spring Autocrats: The Dead, The Ousted And Those Who Remain,"
Guardian, December 14, 2020.
General Sources: Audio And Video
"The
Arab Spring, 10 Years On: How France 24 Reported The Story,"
Reporters, France 24, February 5, 2021. (17 mins)
"Looking
Back At The Arab Spring: The Role Of Art And Music,"
Focus, France 24, February 25, 2021. (5 mins)
"The
Deposed Arab Despots,"
Middle East Eye, December 25, 2020. (13 mins)
"Ten
Years After The Arab Spring,"
Listening Post, Al Jazeera, December 19, 2020. (26 mins)
"Remembering
The Arab Spring: In Films,"
Al Jazeera, December 19, 2020.
"Arab
Spring: 10 Moments, 10 Years On,"
BBC News, December 17, 2020. (2 mins)
"The
Arab Spring: A Social Media Revolution?,"
Middle East Eye, February 10, 2021. (8 mins)
"The Arab Spring, 10 Years Later," Today Explained, Vox, February 4, 2021. (37 mins)
"The
Anthem Of The Arab Spring,"
Witness History, BBC World Service, January 29, 2021. (9 mins)
"Notes From Utopia: The Arab Spring 10 Years On," Ideas, CBC, October 15, 2020. (54 mins)
"The
Arab Spring 10 Years On,"
Middle East Focus, March 1, 2021. (56 mins)
General Sources: Articles
Kali Robinson, "The
Arab Spring At Ten Years: What's The Legacy Of The Uprising?,"
Council On Foreign Relations, December 3, 2020.
Abdullah Al-Arian, "Arab
Spring: The End Of Political Islam As We Know It,"
Middle East Eye, December 25, 2020.
Tunisia: News In Context
Rana Jawad, "Tunisians
Question Whether Life Is Better After Arab Spring,"
BBC News, January 24, 2021.
Vivian Yee, "In
Tunisia, Some Wonder If The Revolution Was Worth It,"
New York Times, January 19, 2021.
Constantin Gouvy, "Decade
After Revolution, Tunisia's Women Face Uphill Battle,"
Al Jazeera, January 17, 2021.
Samia Fitouri, "Remembering
The Day Tunisia's President Ben Ali Fled,"
Al Jazeera, January 14, 2021.
Thessa Lageman, "Remembering
Mohamed Bouazizi: The Man Who Sparked The Arab Spring,"
Al Jazeera, December 17, 2020.
"'Tired
Of Waiting': Tunisians Mark Decade Since Arab Spring,"
Al Jazeera, December 17, 2020.
Fethi Belaid, "How
I Photographed The Start Of Tunisia's Arab Spring,"
Al Jazeera, December 17, 2020.
Michael Safi, "'He
Ruined Us': 10 Years On, Tunisians Curse Man Who Sparked Arab Spring,"
Guardian, December 16, 2020.
Tunisia: Audio And Video
"Tunisia:
10 Years On From The Jasmine Revolution,"
Arte France, Frebruary 21, 2021. (25 mins)
"Tunisia:
Ten Years On, A Bittersweet Legacy For The Birthplace Of Arab Spring,"
Revisited, France 24, February 12, 2021. (17 mins)
"Tunisian
Revolution -- Ten Years On,"
Middle East Eye Explained, December 20, 2020. (9 mins)
"Tunisia
And The Arab Spring 10 Years On: 'We Tried To Rise,'"
Guardian, December 17, 2020.
"Tunisia's
Revolution: 'Cage Man' Wadih Jalasi Remembers Start Of Arab Spring,"
BBC News, December 17, 2020. (3 mins)
"Fruit
Seller Mohamed Bouazizi's Protest Inspired The Arab Uprisings; A Decade Later,
His Sister Still Mourns,"
PRI The World, December 17, 2020.
"Returning To Tunisia On The 10th Anniversary Of The Arab Spring," Today In Focus, Guardian, December 17, 2020. (28 mins)
Egypt: News In Context
Noor El-Terk, "'It Was A Dream': Remembering The Fall Of Egypt's Hosni Mubarak," Al Jazeera, February 11, 2021.
Mosa'ab Elshamy, "Flowers, Soldiers, Days Of Rage: A Picture Of Egypt's Arab Spring," Al Jazeera, February 11, 2021.
Laura El-Tantawy, "Egypt's
Revolution: 'The Roar Of The Crowd Shook My Feet,'"
BBC News, February 11, 2021.
Amr Darrag, "Ten
Years On From The Arab Spring, Sisi Has Made Life In Egypt Hellish,"
Guardian, February 11, 2021.
Wael Hussein, "Egypt's
Revolution: I Saw The Unimaginable Happen,"
BBC News, February 9, 2021.
Osama Gaweesh, "'I
Will Never Give Up': Egypt's Exiles Still Dream Of Democracy,"
Guardian, February 9, 2021.
Abubakr Al-Shamahi, "Egypt's Military Dominates 10 Years After Revolution," Al Jazeera, January 26, 2021.
"In Pictures: Capturing The Start Of Egypt's Revolution," Al Jazeera, January 25, 2021.
Noor El-Terk, "Remembering Tahrir Square, 10 Years On," Al Jazeera, January 25, 2021.
Martin Chulov, "'The
Release Of Six Decades Of Fear': Egypt's Lost Revolution,"
Guardian, January 24, 2021.
Nahlah Ayed, "10 Years After Arab Spring Protests, Egyptians Grapple With The Fallout Of A Failed Revolution," CBC, January 23, 2021.
"10
Years After Arab Spring Uprising, Struggle Continues In Egypt,"
Daily Sabah, January 21, 2021.
Egypt: Audio And Video
"Egypt,
10 Years On: From Revolution To Counter-Revolution,"
Revisited, France 24, February 26, 2021. (15 mins)
"The
Exiles: A Generation's Story,"
Middle East Eye, August 9, 2021. (27 mins)
"Arab
Spring, 10 Years On: Egyptian Street Artist Ganzeer,"
Cultural Frontline, BBC World Service, July 13, 2021. (5 mins)
"10
Years After The Arab Spring, Democracy Remains Elusive In Egypt,"
PBS Newshour, February 11, 2021. (7 mins)
"Days
Of Wrath: Egyptian Women And The Arab Spring, Part 1,"
DW Documentary, January 25, 2021. (28 mins)
"Days Of Wrath: Egyptian Women And The Arab Spring, Part 2," DW Documentary, January 26, 2021. (28 mins)
Mohamed Hashem, "Egypt's
25 January Revolution: 10 Years On,"
Middle East Eye, January 22, 2021. (10 mins)
"Nahlah Ayed Reflects On Egypt's Tahrir Square Protests 10 Years On," Current, CBC, January 25, 2021. (21 mins)
"Egypt's
Facebook Girl,"
Witness History, BBC World Service, January 25, 2021.
"10
Years After The Arab Uprisings, Egypt At 'Lowest Point' For Human Rights,"
PRI The World, December 17, 2020.
Libya: News In Context
Peter Beaumont, "'War
Weary' Libya Reflects 10 Years On From Gaddafi And Arab Spring,"
Guardian, April 26. 2021.
Mauricio Lima, "Photographing The Final Days Of Gaddafi And His Last Stronghold," Al Jazeera, April 8, 2021.
Brian McQuinn, "Ten Years After The Arab Spring, Libya Has Another Chance For Peace," Conversation, March 22, 2021.
"Libyans
Mark 2011 Uprising With Eyes On Interim Government,"
Global Politics, PRI The World, February 17, 2021.
Libya: Audio And Video
"A
Fractured Country: Libya, 10 Years After Gaddafi,"
Revisited, France 24, March 12, 2021. (18 mins)
"Divided By The Revolution," Arte France, May 28, 2021. (24 mins)
"A
Decade After The Arab Spring, Libyans Still Struggle,"
Focus, France 24, March 22, 2021. (6 mins)
"Libya's
Arab Uprising,"
Witness History, BBC World Service, January 28, 2021. (9 mins)
Yemen: News In Context
Laura Silvia Battaglia, "'Yemen's Uprising Was Magical, Spiritual, Powerful,'" Al Jazeera, April 27, 2021.
Gerald Feierstein, "Opinion: Yemen's Arab Spring Goals Were Lost; Here's How To Bring Them Back," NPR, February 11, 2021.
Jennifer Holleis, "Yemen:
10 Years After The Arab Spring, New Hopes Sprout,"
DW, February 10, 2021.
Bethan McKernan, "Ten
Years After The Arab Spring, Yemen Has Little Hope Left,"
Guardian, February 1, 2021.
Yemen: Audio And Video
"How
Women Played A Major Role In Yemen's Arab Spring,"
Witness History, BBC World Service, January 27, 2021. (4 mins)
"Yemen's
2011 Uprising,"
Witness History, BBC World Service, January 27, 2021. (9 mins)
Syria: News In Context
"Syria
Marks 10 Years Since Uprising Began,"
Al Jazeera, March 15, 2021.
Syria: Audio And Video
"From
Arab Spring To Civil War: Syria Ten Years On,"
DW, March 15, 2021. (2 mins)
"From
Protests To Civil War: Understanding Syria's Decade Of Horror,"
France 24, March 16, 2021. (8 mins)
"Syria's
'Freedom Boys': The Teens Who Unintentionally Sparked A Revolution,"
Focus, France 24, March 18, 2021. (5 mins)
"Syria
In The Arab Spring,"
Witness History, BBC World Service, January 26, 2021. (9 mins)
Other Nations
Bahrain
"Bahrain
2011: A Forgotten Uprising?,"
Middle East Eye, March 12, 2021. (18 mins)
Alex MacDonald, "Bahrain:
Ten Years On, Pro-Democracy Movement Has Been Crushed,"
Middle East Eye, February 14, 2021.
"Small
Protests Mark 10th Anniversary Of Bahrain Uprising,"
Al Jazeera, February 14, 2021.
"Ten
Years On, Bahrain Paralysed By Legacy Of Arab Spring,"
France 24, February 12, 2021.
Palestine And Israel
Ahmed Abu Artema, "From
The Arab Spring To The Great March Of Return,"
Al Jazeera, March 6, 2021.
Lily Galili, "Why
Israel Is Now Delighted About The Arab Spring,"
Middle East Eye, January 1, 2021.
Miscellaneous
Haythem Guesmi, "The
Social Media Myth About The Arab Spring,"
Al Jazeera, January 27, 2021.
Joseph Massad, "Secular
Liberals Destroyed The Arab Uprisings; Don't Let It Happen Again,"
Middle East Eye, January 14, 2021.
Christopher Phillips, "The
Arab Spring's Foreign Spoilers,"
Middle East Eye, January 4, 2021.
Patrick Keddie, "How
Turkey Became A Hub For Arab Spring Exiles,"
Al Jazeera, December 22, 2020.
Megan O'Toole, "Arab
Spring 2.0: Five Lessons From 2011 For Today's Protesters,"
Middle East Eye, December 16, 2020.