Pergamon

The Acropolis of Pergamon sits above the modern town of Bergama.  The ancient city is associated with the Pergamone dynasty founded by Eumenes I in the mid-3rd century BCE.  The last ruler, Attalus III, gifted his kingdom to the Romans, and Pergamum became the capital of the Roman province of Asia.  The physician Galen was born here and founded the Asclepion, 8 kilometers from the Acropolis.  Many of the archaeological glories at the site, including the Altar of Zeus, were shipped to Berlin in the late nineteenth century.  The red-brick Kizil Avlu, or "Red Basilica," is also worth exploring.  Originally built in the second century CE as a temple to Egyptian gods, it was transformed into a basilica by the Byzantines and identified as one of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse in Revelation.  The Acropolis can be accessed via cable car.  The Archaeological Museum on Bergama's main street holds a collection of local artifacts.  Note that the two main sections of ancient Pergamon are some distance from each other.

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Sardis

Ancient Sardis, the capital of Lydia, is a large site divided by a highway and accessible from the village of Sart.  It's associated both with the legendary Phrygian king Midas and with the sixth-century ruler Croesus.  The ruins of the Temple of Artemis are situated at the base of a mountain, and are well worth the detour inland.  Sardis participated in the Ionian Revolt and was burned by the Persians.

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Canakkale

Highlights of the Canakkale Archaeological Museum include a sarcophagus that portrays the sacrifice of Priam's daughter Polyxena to the shade of Achilles.